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ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC VARIABLE TRENDS (RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE) IN MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA (1994–2023)

ADAMA, C. K.
Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria.
Email:pnwaerema486@gmail.com.

Abstract
Understanding long-term trends in climatic variables is critical for climate change adaptation and sustainable
resource management, particularly within the Sahelian and Guinea Savanna transition zones of West Africa. This
study analyzes temporal trends in monthly rainfall and temperature (minimum and maximum) in Minna, Niger State,
Nigeria, over a 30-year period (1994–2023). Descriptive statistics and non-parametric time-series trend analyses
were employed to detect statistically significant changes in rainfall distribution and temperature dynamics. The results
reveal increasing rainfall irregularity and a statistically significant decline in annual rainfall, alongside a persistent
and significant upward trend in mean temperature. These findings are consistent with observed regional climate
change patterns and highlight emerging climate-related risks to water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods in the
Middle Belt region of Nigeria.
Keywords: Analysis, Climate, Variables, Trends, Rainfall, Temperature