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SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM OPEN DUMPSITES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GREEN HOUSE GASES, CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS AND OTHER AIR POLLUTANTS

ABSTRACT
Open dumping of municipal solid waste remains a prevalent practice in many urban centers of Nigeria, contributing significantly
to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution. This study assessed the seasonal variations in atmospheric conditions and
concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO₂ and CH₄ ), criteria air pollutants (PM₂ .₅ , PM₁ ₀ , O₃ , CO, SO₂ , NO₂ ), and other
gaseous pollutants (NH₃ , HCHO, NO, TVOCs) across six metropolitan dumpsites in Southwestern Nigeria. Sampling was
conducted during both the dry and wet seasons across dumpsites in Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, and Ekiti states. Using portable
meteorological station (Kestrel model: 3000 NV, Boothwyn, USA) measured atmospheric parameters, while the Multimeter
BOSEAN T-Z01 and AEROQUAL 500 series air quality meter measured the pollutants’ levels. Data were collected and analyzed
using descriptive statistics and ANOVA to identify significant spatial and seasonal differences. Results revealed that dry season
concentrations of CO₂ , NH₃ , and particulate matter (PM) across the sample sites exceeded NESREA’s permissible limits, while
CH₄ emissions were higher during the wet season across the sample sites, indicating intensified anaerobic activity. Most criteria
air pollutants showed partial compliance with regulatory standards, while NO levels remained within safe limits. TVOCs data were
minimal but showed seasonal variation. These findings underscore the environmental and public health risks posed by unmanaged
dumpsites and highlight the need for improved landfill design, gas recovery systems, and strengthened regulatory enforcement.
The study emphasizes the role of climatic conditions in pollutant dynamics and calls for integrated waste and air quality
management strategies in urban Nigeria.
Key words: Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs), Seasonal Variation Open Dumping Sites, Southwestern
Nigeria.